仔细 (zǐxì), meaning “careful,” “attentive,” or “meticulous,” is a compound word where both characters contribute to its meaning. Let’s break down the original structure and meaning of each component:

• 仔 (zǐ):
  • Original form: In oracle bone script, 仔 depicted a child (子) next to a grain of rice (米). This symbolized smallness, youth, or something in its early stages.
  • Meaning: It conveys the idea of “young,” “small,” or “tiny.” This relates to the meticulous attention to detail that “仔细” implies, focusing on even the smallest aspects.

• 细 (xì):
  • Original form: In oracle bone script, 细 depicted fine threads or silk filaments. This symbolized something thin, delicate, or intricate.
  • Meaning: It conveys the idea of “thin,” “fine,” “detailed,” or “minute.” This reinforces the concept of paying close attention to minute details.

Combining the Components:

When combined, 仔细 literally means “tiny and fine.” This imagery emphasizes paying attention to even the smallest and most intricate details, reflecting a careful and meticulous approach.

Evolution of Meaning:

The meaning of 仔细 has remained relatively consistent throughout its evolution, primarily focusing on the idea of being careful and attentive to detail. However, its usage has expanded to encompass various nuances:

• Careful observation: 仔细观察 (zǐxì guānchá) – to observe carefully
• Thorough examination: 仔细检查 (zǐxì jiǎnchá) – to examine thoroughly
• Meticulous work: 他工作很仔细 (tā gōngzuò hěn zǐxì) – He is very meticulous in his work.

Usage in Modern Chinese:

仔细 is frequently used in everyday language to encourage carefulness and attention to detail. It’s often used in situations where accuracy and precision are important.

By understanding the original structure and meaning of its components, we can appreciate how 仔细 effectively conveys the concept of being thorough and attentive to even the smallest details.