狗 (gǒu), meaning “dog,” is a character that has undergone some interesting changes throughout its history. Here’s how it evolved:

• 犬 (quǎn): This component is actually the original and more ancient character for “dog.” It’s a pictogram that depicts a dog in profile, with its tail curled upwards. This form is still used in some compound characters related to dogs, such as 狛犬 (kǒuquǎn – stone guardian lions).
• 句 (jù): This component means “sentence” or “phrase.” However, in this context, it’s believed to have originally represented a hook or a curved object.

Now, how did a “hook” become associated with “dog”? There are a couple of possible interpretations:

1. Leash: The hook could represent a leash or a tool used to control or restrain a dog.
2. Hunting: It could symbolize a hunting tool used to capture or subdue animals, including dogs.

Over time, the 犬 component was simplified and stylized, and the 句 component was added, possibly to provide a phonetic cue or to reinforce the idea of a dog being “hooked” or connected to humans.

The character 狗 is used in various words and phrases related to dogs:

• 小狗 (xiǎogǒu): Puppy
• 猎狗 (liègǒu): Hunting dog
• 看门狗 (kānméngǒu): Guard dog
• 狗窝 (gǒuwō): Doghouse

By understanding the evolution of 狗, we can appreciate how the character has transformed from a simple pictogram to a more complex form, reflecting the changing relationship between humans and dogs throughout history.